Most comprehensive knowledge of steel structures

1、 What is steel structure

What is steel structure? In academic research language, steel structure is mainly made of stainless steel plates and is one of the key types of engineering construction structures today. The characteristics of stainless steel plates are high compressive strength, light weight, good overall stiffness, and strong deformation ability. Therefore, they are particularly suitable for construction of large spans, extremely high, and heavy loads. Steel structures are components such as steel columns, steel columns, and steel pipe trusses made of channel steel and thick steel plates; A structure connected by welding, anchor bolts, or rivets in the middle of each component or component.

2、 Steel structure characteristics

1. Stainless steel sheet has good ductility, plastic deformation, uniform material, high structural reliability, and is suitable for bearing impact driving force loads, with excellent seismic grade performance. The internal organizational structure of stainless steel plates is uniform, tending towards anisotropic homogeneous protoplasm. The specific work performance of steel structures is more in line with the basic theory of calculation. Therefore, the reliability of steel structures is high.

2. The raw materials have high compressive strength, light weight, high bolt strength, and high elastic molds. Compared with concrete and wood, the ratio of relative density to tensile strength is relatively low. Therefore, under the same load-bearing standard, the components of steel structures have a small cross-sectional area and light weight, which is conducive to transportation and installation. They are suitable for structures with large span, high aspect ratio, and heavy load-bearing capacity.

3. The steel structure has good sealing performance. Due to the electric welding structure, it can ensure complete sealing and can be made into pressure vessels with excellent sealing and tightness, large and medium-sized oil pools, Class II pressure vessels, etc.

4. Steel structures are resistant to high temperatures but not fire. When the temperature is below 150 ℃, the characteristics of stainless steel plates do not change much. Therefore, steel structures are suitable for thermal production workshops, but when the surface layer of the structure is subjected to thermal radiation above and below 150 ℃, insulation materials need to be used for various maintenance purposes. When the temperature is between 300 ℃ and 400 ℃, the bolt strength and elastic mold both significantly decrease. When the temperature is around 600 ℃, the compressive strength of stainless steel plates tends to zero. In the construction of projects with common fire safety requirements, steel structures must be maintained using fire-resistant insulation materials in multiple ways to improve their fire rating.

5. Steel structures have poor corrosion resistance, especially in natural environments with damp, cold, and corrosive substances, which can easily rust. Generally, steel structures should be treated with rust prevention, hot-dip galvanized or coated, and maintenance should be carried out. For deep-sea service platform structures located in the sea, common measures such as "zinc block anode protection" need to be adopted to provide corrosion resistance.

6. The automation level of steel structure production and installation machinery is high, and steel structure components are helpful for production and assembly at processing plants and construction sites. The mechanical automation production of processing plants produces steel structural components with high precision, high productivity, faster assembly speed on construction sites, and tight construction schedules. Steel structure is the most modern type of structure.

3、 The Development Trend and Historical Time of Steel Structures

In the early stages of our country, there were special achievements in the iron structure, but due to the constraints of feudal society and the lack of scientific research, it remained at the level of iron construction for more than 2000 years in our country. It was not until the late 19th century that intelligent steel structures were first adopted in China. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the application of steel structures has a significant development trend, far surpassing the past in terms of both total quantity and quality. After 2000, China's social economy and Comprehensive National Power have significantly improved, and China Steel's steel output has become a world power. Around 2008, with the promotion of the Summer Olympic Games, a trend of steel Structural engineering construction emerged, and the strong market demand promoted the rapid development of steel Structural engineering construction. A large number of steel structure exhibition halls, airports, subway stations and multi-storey buildings were completed. Among them, some steel Structural engineering construction has reached the world-class level in terms of manufacturing and installation technology, such as the construction of the Bird's Nest Stadium for the Summer Olympic Games. We have achieved a high level of technical proficiency in design, production, and installation, and have mastered various complex construction design schemes and construction techniques.